| Introduction
of Persian rug |
波斯地毯:伊朗著名的手工业之一,自古以来在国际上享有盛誉,它以优良的质地,古朴雅致的图案和精美的工艺受到世人的喜爱.据考证,其编织和生产的历史至少已经有2500年了.传统波斯地毯的一大特色是其染料从天然植物和矿石中提取,染色经久不褪不变,以抽象的植物,阿拉伯文字和几何图案进行构图.位于德黑兰市中心的地毯博物馆1978年3月建成开馆,展厅陈列着几百幅各个时期所编的地毯,多用纯羊毛,棉丝或棉线织成,其图案优美,工艺精湛.地毯的图案多取材于阿拉伯人喜欢的玫瑰花,郁金香和波斯梨花等.虽历经一二百年历史,至今仍色泽鲜艳,光彩灼灼.
波斯地毯的编织方法:
可分为两种,一种叫土耳其结织法.这种打结方法分布在伊朗西北部,东北部,如大不里士(Tabriz),比哈尔(Bihar),麦什特(Meshed)等地,另一种叫波斯结织法,主要在伊斯法罕(Isfahan),喀山(Kashan)地区.波斯地毯的名称是以城镇,村落的名字命名,各地生产的地毯具有当地的风格.
高档波斯地毯产在伊斯法罕,大不里士,库姆等地.其中库姆地毯大部分用丝织成.地毯质量好坏的主要标准是看单位面积毛纱打结数量的多少.结数多可织精致细密的图案.伊朗各地的地毯密度各不相同.伊斯法罕地毯的打结密度一般是60-100结/10厘米.高密度的地毯打结数可以达到130结/10厘米以上,相当于我国400道/英尺的密度.伊朗地毯的密度是按每平方米的打结数计算的,并表示在经线纬线方向每10厘米的打结数.据统计,伊朗地毯的最低密度一般在30结
/10厘米左右,约90000结/平方米.高的可达到l700,000结/平方米.伊朗地毯的纬线也分粗,细纬,有的地方的地毯是双纬,但也有的地毯是单根纬线.伊朗人认为,地毯美观与否,很重要的因素在于颜色的搭配.伊朗使用的染料绝大部分是天然颜料,多用植物的果皮,根等,如核桃皮,橡树皮,石榴皮.制造这些颜料虽较复杂,困难,耗费时间,但产品美观,色彩协调,不褪色,极具地方色彩.
波斯地毯的图案和中国传统图案一样,已形成独特的风格.不论是古老的,还是新设计的地毯图案主要取材于中东地区人民的生活环境,风俗习惯.设计师们在古老图案的基础上增加新颖美观的元素.不同的地区设计的地毯图案风格各异,但使用类似的题材.中东人信仰伊斯兰教,地毯图案多取材于漂亮的清真寺的瓷砖,宫殿的石雕,自然景色,鸟兽.花草树木等.有一种地毯图案叫克哈塔伊(KHATAYI),据说是成吉思汗(公元1162-1277年)进攻到伊朗时,由中国带去的,然后又加进了伊朗的色彩.在压沙黑阿巴斯大帝时,该类地毯已很有名了.
伊朗地毯图案可分为两大类,一类是直线条几何图案,这类地毯的所有装饰纹样是由垂直线,水平线和对角斜线组成同样重复的中心花纹.该类地毯大部分是在游牧部落和远离城镇的村庄编织,所以纹样比较原始.另一类是风景,花卉,动物图案,也叫曲线写实图案,据国外有关东方地毯的书籍记载,这一类地毯图案是在十六世纪初才在波斯地毯图案中出现,并成为流行的图案传到今天.在这类地毯中,有许多花纹是从中国传去的,因此,也有人认为这类地毯起源于中国,只是在波斯设计师的手中,经过精心的修改并加进了波斯的元素,从而成为具有中东风格的图案.然而,在波斯地毯图案中,至今仍然保留着许多与中国地毯图案完全相同的花纹.总括波斯地毯的直线条的几何图案和曲线写实图案,主要有宗教人物纹,花瓶花草纹,文字纹,树木动物纹,狩猎纹,庭园建筑纹.若按纹样在地毯中的位置,.可分三种类型,即中心主花纹,边角花纹和填充装饰纹.但是,即使同一纹样,在波斯的不同地区,因打结方法和织物结构方面的差异,所表现出的纹样外形各不相同.
在波斯地毯图案中,常用的花纹虽然具有特定的名称和寓意,但伊斯兰的图案设计师们往往倾向于把原来具有表现象征性的纹样转化为越来越具有地方风格的,难以辨认的形式.因此,对同一个纹样,在各地方的解释也不太一致.
在研究波斯类地毯图案结构的时候,应该注意到在波斯图案中基本花纹的大小,在不同尺寸的地毯中没有很大的变化.特别是边花纹饰和填充装饰花纹的大小,一般是不改变尺寸的.也就是说.如果地毯尺寸增大,则增加基本花纹的个数,而不是放大基本花纹.这一点在几何形图案的主花纹中最为明显.另外,还要注意到波斯地毯的纬线一般染成驼色或与地毯大底色相同的颜色.染纬线的好处是在地毯后背露出的纬线不大明显,而且纬线颜色与地毯底色近似或相同显得地毯后背平整.
波斯地毯中色彩的寓意：
绿色是神圣色彩象征希望,新生,生命,春天. 红色象征着财富,勇气,好运,欢乐,忠诚. 蓝色象征权力,力量.橙色象征谦虚和虔诚.
黄色象征太阳, 欢乐.白色象征纯洁.黑色象征哀伤,破坏.金色象征权力和财富.咖啡色象征丰产和繁殖.
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Please
bouble click to see the high defination images. |
| z173249,
173by249cm Persian carpet,100% genuine mulberry silk piles
on silk warps, standard 260lines, 22lines per inch, 470 real
tied double knots per square inch quality,piles height around
5mm, weighs around 11kg. Qum design silk rug, central medallion
with inner brackets layout, floral pattern,
light brown border with white field, washable,
2 girls around 10 months to make.
|
z173246,
173by246cm silk rug,100% genuine mulberry silk piles on silk
warps, standard 260lines, 22lines per inch, 470 real tied double
knots per square inch quality,piles
height around 5mm, weighs around 11kg.
Qum design silk rug, allover floral layout,
red border with wheat color field, washable,
2 girls around 10 months to make. |
| z170252,
170by250cm silk carpet,100% genuine mulberry silk piles on
silk warps, standard 260lines, 22lines per inch, 470 realtied
double knots per square inch quality,piles height around 5mm,
weighs around 11kg. Qum design silk rug, flower and animaldesign,
central medallion with inner brackets layout, beige border
with white field, washable,2 girls around 10 months to make. |
| z170246,
173by246cm silk rug,100% genuine mulberry silk piles on silk
warps, standard 260lines, 22lines per inch, 470 real tied
double knots per square inch quality,piles height around 5mm,
weighs around 11kg. Qum design silk rug, central medallion
with inner brackets layout, floral pattern,wheat color border
with white field, washable,2 girls around 10 months to mke.
|
|
z173250,
173by250cm floral silk rug,100% genuine mulberry silk piles
on silk warps, standard 260lines, 22lines per inch, 470 real
tied double knots per square inch quality, piles height around
5mm, weighs around 11kg. Qum design silk rug, allover floral
design, red border with white field, washable, 2 girls around
10 months to make.
|
z204305,
204x305cm oriental silk rug,100% genuine mulberry silk piles
on silk warps, standard 260lines, 22lines per inch, 470 real
tied double knots per square inch quality, piles
height around 5mm, weighs around
16.5kg.Qum design silk
rug, central medallion with inner brackets layout, floral
pattern, blue
broder with red field,
washable, 2 girls around
15 months to make.
|
| z203308,
203x308cm oriental silk carpet,100% genuine mulberry silk
piles on silk warps, standard 260lines, 22lines per inch,
470 real tied double knots per square inch quality,piles
height around 5mm, weighs around
16.5kg.Qum
design silk rug, central medallion with inner brackets layout,
floral pattern, green border with white field, washable, 2
girls around 15 months to make.
|
| z203310,
203x310cm hand-knotted silk rug,100% genuine mulberry silk
piles on silk warps, standard 260lines, 22lines per inch,
470 real tied double knots per square inch quality,
piles
height around 5mm, weighs around 16.5kg.Qum
design silk rug, central medallion with inner brackets layout,
floral pattern, red border with white field, washable, 2 girls
around 15 months to make.
|
| z173252,
173x252cm hand-knotted silk carpet,100% genuine mulberry silk
piles on silk warps, standard 260lines, 22lines per inch,
470 real tied double knots per square inch quality,piles
height around 5mm, weighs around
11kg.Qum
design silk rug,
central medallion with inner brackets layout, floral and animal
pattern, red border with white and beige field, washable,
2 girls around 10 months to make.
|
| z187281,
187x281cm China silk carpet,100% genuine mulberry silk piles
on silk warps, standard 260lines, 22lines per inch, 470 real
tied double knots per square inch quality,piles
height around 5mm, weighs around
14kg.Qum
design silk rug,
central medallion with inner brackets
layout, floral pattern, red border with
blue field, washable, 2 girls around 12 months to make.2x3meters
size in stock.
|
| z185279,
185x279cm
China silk carpet,100% genuine mulberry silk piles on silk
warps, standard 260lines, 22lines per inch, 470 real tied
double knots per square inch quality,piles height around 5mm,
weighs around
14kg.Qum
design silk rug, central medallion with inner brackets layout,
floral pattern, light brown border with white field, washable,
2 girls around 12 months to make.
|
| z186278,
186x278cm Persian silk rug,100% genuine mulberry silk piles
on silk warps, standard 260lines, 22lines per inch, 470 real
tied double knots per square inch quality,piles height around
5mm, weighs around 14kg.Qum
design silk rug, central medallion with inner brackets layout,
floral pattern, blue border with wheat color field, washable,
2 girls around 12 months to make.
|
| z202306,
202x306cm China silk rug,100% genuine mulberry silk piles
on silk warps, standard 260lines, 22lines per inch, 470 real
tied double knots per square inch quality,
piles height around 5mm, weighs around
16.5kg.Qum
design silk rug,
central medallion with inner brackets
layout, floral pattern,blue border with
white field, washable, 2 girls around 15 months to make.
|
z184284,
184x284cm blue color silk rug,100% genuine mulberry silk piles
on silk warps, standard 260lines, 22lines per inch, 470 real
tied double knots per square inch quality,piles
height around 5mm, weighs around
14kg.Qum
design silk rug, central medallion with inner brackets layout,
floral pattern, red border with blue field, washable, 2 girls
around 12 months to make.
|
| zz186277,
186x277cm allover design silk rug,100% genuine mulberry silk
piles on silk warps, standard 260lines, 22lines per inch,
470 real tied double knots per square inch quality,piles height
around 5mm, weighs around 14kg.Qum
design silk rug, allover layout, floral pattern, red border
with white field, washable, 2 girls around 12 months to make.
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Phone:(+86)-13501103837
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Beijing silk rug stroe address:Building 31-1707, Zaoyingbeili, Chaoyang
District, Beijing,China
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